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Life-cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis of the production of wood vinegar from stem: a case

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第8期   页码 1109-1121 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2296-2

摘要: This research undertook a case study of the life-cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis of the slow pyrolysis of Eucommia stem for the production of wood vinegar and activated carbon. The results showed that the production of one ton of wood vinegar via the slow pyrolysis of Eucommia stem show comparatively low global warming potential (2.37 × 102 kg CO2 eq), primary energy demand (3.16 × 103 MJ), acidification potential (2.19 kg SO2 eq), antimony depletion potential (3.86 × 10–4 kg antimony eq), and ozone depletion potential (7.46 × 10–6 kg CFC-11 eq) and was more environmentally friendly than the production of dilute acetic acid (12 wt %) via petrochemical routes. Meanwhile, the total capital investment, total product cost, and cash flowsheet were provided in the techno-economic analysis. Then, the net present value, internal rate of return, and dynamic payback period of the production process were evaluated. The findings indicated that while this production process is cost-effective, it might not be economically attractive or could generate investment risks. An increase in the added value of the wood vinegar and the activated carbon could remarkably improve the economic feasibility of this production process.

关键词: life-cycle assessment     techno-economic analysis     wood vinegar     activated carbon     Eucommia    

Techno-economic assessment of providing control energy reserves with a biogas plant

Ervin Saracevic, David Woess, Franz Theuretzbacher, Anton Friedl, Angela Miltner

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第4期   页码 763-771 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1776-x

摘要:

Grid stability is being challenged by the increasing integration of power plants with volatile power generation into the energy system. Power supply fluctuations must be compensated by energy system flexibility. The storability of the energy carrier enables biogas plants to generate power flexibly. In this study, the technical and economic effects of providing positive secondary control energy reserves with an Austrian biogas plant were assessed. The plant’s main focus lies in biomethane production with the option of heat and power generation through combined heat and power (CHP) units. A detailed simulation model of the investigated biogas plant was developed, which is presented in this work. Ex-post simulations of one year of flexible plant operation were conducted with this model. The findings show that the installed biogas storage capacity is sufficient to provide control energy reserves while simultaneously producing biomethane. Profitability of providing control energy reserves largely depends on the prices at the control energy market and on CHP unit start-up costs. A cost efficiency analysis demonstrated that investing in a hot water tank with a volume of 5 m3 for short-term heat storage turned out to be economically viable.

关键词: biogas plant     process simulation     control energy reserves     economic assessment     gas storage    

Techno-economic analysis of the adoption of electric vehicles

Donald KENNEDY, Simon P. PHILBIN

《工程管理前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第4期   页码 538-550 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0048-x

摘要: Significant advances in battery technology are creating a viable marketspace for battery powered passenger vehicles. Climate change and concerns over reliable supplies of hydrocarbons are aiding in the focus on electric vehicles. Consumers can be influenced by marketing and emotion resulting in behaviors that may not be in line with their stated objectives. Although sales of electric vehicles are accelerating, it may not be clear that purchasing an electric vehicle is advantageous from an economic or environmental perspective. A techno- economic analysis of electric vehicles comparing them against hybrids, gasoline and diesel vehicles is presented. The results show that the complexity of electrical power supply, infrastructure requirements and full life cycle concerns show that electric vehicles have a place in the future but that ongoing improvements will be required for them to be clearly the best choice for a given situation.

关键词: BEV     battery powered electric vehicle     environmental impact of electric vehicles     techno-economic analysis     gasoline versus electric powered cars     diesel versus electric cars     consumer behaviour    

Carbon capture for decarbonisation of energy-intensive industries: a comparative review of techno-economic

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第9期   页码 1291-1317 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2151-5

摘要: Carbon capture and storage will play a crucial role in industrial decarbonisation. However, the current literature presents a large variability in the techno-economic feasibility of CO2 capture technologies. Consequently, reliable pathways for carbon capture deployment in energy-intensive industries are still missing. This work provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art CO2 capture technologies for decarbonisation of the iron and steel, cement, petroleum refining, and pulp and paper industries. Amine scrubbing was shown to be the least feasible option, resulting in the average avoided CO2 cost of between 62.7 €·tCO21 for the pulp and paper and 104.6 €·tCO21 for the iron and steel industry. Its average equivalent energy requirement varied between 2.7 (iron and steel) and 5.1 MJthkgCO21 (cement). Retrofits of emerging calcium looping were shown to improve the overall viability of CO2 capture for industrial decarbonisation. Calcium looping was shown to result in the average avoided CO2 cost of between 32.7 (iron and steel) and 42.9 €·tCO21 (cement). Its average equivalent energy requirement varied between 2.0 (iron and steel) and 3.7 MJthkgCO21 (pulp and paper). Such performance demonstrated the superiority of calcium looping for industrial decarbonisation. Further work should focus on standardising the techno-economic assessment of technologies for industrial decarbonisation.

关键词: industrial CO2 emissions     CCS deployment     carbonate looping     net-zero industry     carbon capture benchmarks    

Techno-economic assessment of pulverized coal boilers and IGCC power plants with CO 2 capture

Y. HUANG, S. REZVANI, D. McILVEEN-WRIGHT, N. HEWITT, J. MONDOL, A. MINCHENER,

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 196-206 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0237-y

摘要: The current studies on power plant technologies suggest that Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) systems are an effective and economic CO capture technology pathway. In addition, the system in conventional configuration has the advantage of being more “CO capture ready” than other technologies. Pulverized coal boilers (PC) have, however, proven high technical performance attributes and are economically often most practical technologies. To highlight the pros and cons of both technologies in connection with an integrated CO capture, a comparative analysis of ultrasupercritical PC and IGCC is carried out in this paper. The technical design, the mass and energy balance and the system optimizations are implemented by using the ECLIPSE chemical plant simulation software package. Built upon these technologies, the COcapture facilities are incorporated within the system. The most appropriate CO capture systems for the PC system selected for this work are the oxy-fuel system and the postcombustion scheme using Monoethanolamine solvent scrubber column (MEA). The IGCC systems are designed in two configurations: Water gas shift reactor and Selexol-based separation. Both options generate CO-rich and hydrogen rich-gas streams. Following the comparative analysis of the technical performance attributes of the above cycles, the economic assessment is carried out using the economic toolbox of ECLIPSE is seamlessly connected to the results of the mass and energy balance as well as the utility usages. The total cost assessment is implemented according to the step-count exponential costing method using the dominant factors and/or a combination of parameters. Subsequently, based on a set of assumptions, the net present value estimation is implemented to calculate the breakeven electricity selling prices and the CO avoidance cost.

关键词: breakeven electricity     ECLIPSE     technical performance     appropriate     economic    

Techno-economic evaluation of wind energy in southwest Nigeria

Muyiwa S. ADARAMOLA, Olarenwaju M. OYEWOLA, Olayinka S. OHUNAKIN, Rufus R. DINRIFO

《能源前沿(英文)》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 366-378 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0205-y

摘要: In this study, an analysis of the wind energy potential in the southwest geo-political region of Nigeria was conducted. A 37-year (1971–2007) wind speed data set measured at 10 m height, obtained from eight meteorological stations within the region was analyzed using a 2-parameter Weibull function. Besides, a techno-economic evaluation of large wind energy conversion systems with power ratings ranging from 0.6 to 2 MW at different hub heights based on the levelized unit cost of electricity was made for the different sites considered. The result showed that electricity cost varied from 0.06997 and 0.11195 $/(kW·h) to 2.86611 and 4.58578 $/(kW·h) at limit values of turbine specific cost band intervals of 1000 and 1600 $/kW. It was further shown that Lagos, having the highest accumulated power outputs of 430.10 kW/a from DeWind D7 at 70 m hub height, is the most preferred for economically usable power generation in terms of the levelized unit cost.

关键词: mean wind speed     Weibull distributions     wind turbine     techno-economic analysis     southwest geopolitical region     Nigeria    

Techno-economic comparison of three technologies for pre-combustion CO

Simon Roussanaly, Monika Vitvarova, Rahul Anantharaman, David Berstad, Brede Hagen, Jana Jakobsen, Vaclav Novotny, Geir Skaugen

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 436-452 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1870-8

摘要: This paper compares the techno-economic performances of three technologies for CO capture from a lignite-based IGCC power plant located in the Czech Republic: (1) Physical absorption with a Rectisol-based process; (2) Polymeric CO -selective membrane-based capture; (3) Low-temperature capture. The evaluations show that the IGCC plant with CO capture leads to costs of electricity between 91 and 120 €·MWh , depending on the capture technology employed, compared to 65 €·MWh for the power plant without capture. This results in CO avoidance costs ranging from 42 to 84 €· , mainly linked to the losses in net power output. From both energy and cost points of view, the low-temperature and Rectisol based CO capture processes are the most efficient capture technologies. Furthermore, partial CO capture appears as a good mean to ensure early implementation due to the limited increase in CO avoidance cost when considering partial capture. To go beyond the two specific CO -selective membranes considered, a cost/membrane property map for CO -selective membranes was developed. This map emphasise the need to develop high performance membrane to compete with solvent technology. Finally, the cost of the whole CCS chain was estimated at 54 €· once pipeline transport and storage are taken into consideration.

关键词: carbon capture and storage (CCS)     techno-economic comparison     pre-combustion capture     physical solvent     low-temperature capture    

Techno-economic characteristics of wastewater treatment plants retrofitted from the conventional activated

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1483-6

摘要:

While a growing number of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are being retrofitted from the conventional activated sludge (CAS) process to the membrane bioreactor (MBR) process, the debate on the techno-economy of MBR vs. CAS has continued and calls for a thorough assessment based on techno-economic valuation.

关键词: Membrane bioreactor (MBR)     Conventional activated sludge (CAS)     Cost-benefit analysis     Data envelopment analysis     Net profit    

Numerical simulation of underground seasonal cold energy storage for a 10 MW solar thermal power plant in north-western China using TRNSYS

Zulkarnain ABBAS, Yong LI, Ruzhu WANG

《能源前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 328-344 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0676-1

摘要: This paper aims to explore an efficient, cost-effective, and water-saving seasonal cold energy storage technique based on borehole heat exchangers to cool the condenser water in a 10 MW solar thermal power plant. The proposed seasonal cooling mechanism is designed for the areas under typical weather conditions to utilize the low ambient temperature during the winter season and to store cold energy. The main objective of this paper is to utilize the storage unit in the peak summer months to cool the condenser water and to replace the dry cooling system. Using the simulation platform transient system simulation program (TRNSYS), the borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) system model has been developed and the dynamic capacity of the system in the charging and discharging mode of cold energy for one-year operation is studied. The typical meteorological year (TMY) data of Dunhuang, Gansu province, in north-western China, is utilized to determine the lowest ambient temperature and operation time of the system to store cold energy. The proposed seasonal cooling system is capable of enhancing the efficiency of a solar thermal power plant up to 1.54% and 2.74% in comparison with the water-cooled condenser system and air-cooled condenser system respectively. The techno-economic assessment of the proposed technique also supports its integration with the condenser unit in the solar thermal power plant. This technique has also a great potential to save the water in desert areas.

关键词: seasonal cold energy storage     borehole heat exchangers     typical meteorological data     TRNSYS     condenser cooling     techno-economic assessment    

Techno-economic evaluation of a biogas-based oxidative coupling of methane process for ethylene production

Alberto T. Penteado, Mijin Kim, Hamid R. Godini, Erik Esche, Jens-Uwe Repke

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2018年 第12卷 第4期   页码 598-618 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1752-5

摘要:

This contribution is a preliminary techno-economic assessment of a biogas-based oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) process. Biogas is frequently utilized as a renewable energy source within small scale combined heat and power plants or as a natural gas substitute. The activation of methane also enables its utilization as a feedstock to produce chemicals. In this sense, the OCM process allows for the direct conversion of methane into ethylene, which is a major building block for the chemical and polymer industries. Biogas resulting from the anaerobic digestion of vinasse, a liquid effluent from bioethanol industry, is treated for contaminant removal and its methane content is converted into ethylene, which is then purified as the main product. The biogas cleaning process is assessed based on literature data, while an experimentally validated simulation model is used to assess the OCM process. A techno-economic evaluation is then performed through a Monte Carlo simulation, wherein uncertain parameters take random values between reasonable bounds. The net present value results positive in 74% of the cases, indicating that the project is profitable under a wide range of scenarios. Some performance improvement opportunities have been identified and highlighted to guide future studies in the topic.

关键词: biogas conversion     ethylene production     oxidative coupling of methane     feasibility study    

燃料电池商业化带来的技术经济挑战 Review

Junye Wang, Hualin Wang, Yi Fan

《工程(英文)》 2018年 第4卷 第3期   页码 352-360 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.05.007

摘要:

随着资源稀缺、极端气候变化和污染水平的增加,经济增长必须依赖于更加环保和高效的生产过程。燃料电池因其高效率和环保操作而成为通向绿色工业的内燃(IC)发动机和锅炉的理想替代品。然而,作为一种新能源技术,燃料电池的重要市场渗透尚未实现。在本文中,我们使用生命周期和价值链活动对燃料电池系统进行技术经济和环境分析。首先,我们研究燃料电池开发的程序,并根据燃料电池生命周期活动、价值链活动和最终用户验收标准确定应开展哪些活动。接下来,我们将对燃料电池商业化的制度障碍进行统一学习。主要最终用户验收标准是功能、成本和可靠性;与竞争对手(如IC发动机和电池)相比,燃料电池应该优于这些标准,以获得竞争优势。燃料电池的维修和维护成本(由于可靠性低)可能导致成本大幅增加和可用性降低,这是最终用户接受的主要因素。燃料电池行业必须面对如何克服这种可靠性障碍的挑战。本文更深入地了解了我们多年来关于燃料电池商业化的主要障碍的工作,并讨论了燃料电池在未来低碳绿色经济中的潜在关键作用。本文还确定了需求,并指出了未来低碳经济的一些方向。供应燃料电池的绿色能源确实是未来的商业模式。通过采用绿色公共投资和实施政策举措,努力实现经济增长的可持续发展,鼓励对环境负责的工业投资。

关键词: 能源安全     燃料电池     成本分析     耐用性和可靠性     储能    

Environmental and economic assessment of vegetable oil production using membrane separation and vapor

Weibin Kong, Qi Miao, Peiyong Qin, Jan Baeyens, Tianwei Tan

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2017年 第11卷 第2期   页码 166-176 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1616-4

摘要: Solvent extraction of crude oil from oilseeds is widely applied for its high production capacity and low cost. In this process, solvent recovery and tail gas treatment are usually performed by adsorption, paraffin scrubbing, or even cryogenics (at low tail gas flow rates). Membrane separation, which has a lower energy consumption than these techniques, spans a broad range of admissible concentrations and flow rates, and is moreover easily combined with other techniques. Vapor recompression has potentials to reduce the heat loss in association with distillation and evaporation. In this study, we proved the possibility of combining membrane separation and vapor recompression to improve the conventional vegetable oil production, by both experiments and process simulation. Nearly 73% of energy can be saved in the process of vegetable oil extraction by the novel processing approach. By further environmental assessment, several impact categories show that the optimized process is environmentally sustainable.

关键词: vegetable oil     solvent-extraction     membrane separation     vapor recompression     environmental and economic assessment    

Life cycle assessment and economic analysis of HFC-134a production from natural gas compared with oil-based

《化学科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2022年 第16卷 第12期   页码 1713-1725 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2210-y

摘要: China is the largest producer and consumer of HFC-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane) in the world. Coal-based route is mainly adopted to produce HFC-134a, which suffers from large waste and CO2 emissions. Natural gas is a low-carbon and clean energy resource, and no research has been found on the environment and economy of producing HFC-134a from natural gas. In this study, CML 2001 method was used to carry out the life cycle assessment of natural gas (partial oxidation)-based and natural gas (plasma cracking)-based routes (abbreviated as gas(O)-based and gas(P)-based routes, respectively), and their environmental performances were compared with coal-based and oil-based routes. Meanwhile, considering that China is vigorously promoting the transformation of energy structure, and the application of electric heating equipment to replace fossil-based heating equipment in industrial field, which has a great impact on the environmental performance of the production processes, the authors conducted a scenario analysis. The results showed that the gas(O)-based route had the most favourable environmental benefits. However, the gas(P)-based route had the highest potential for reducing environmental burdens, and its environmental benefit was the most favourable in scenario 2050. Additionally, the economic performance of the gas(P)-based route was significantly better than that of gas(O)-based and coal-based routes.

关键词: life cycle assessment     economic performance     HFC-134a     natural gas     oil     coal    

Environmental, social, and economic assessment of energy utilization of crop residue in China

Yueling ZHANG, Junjie LI, Huan LIU, Guangling ZHAO, Yajun TIAN, Kechang XIE

《能源前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 308-319 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0696-x

摘要: This paper aims to discuss an environmental, social, and economic analysis of energy utilization of crop residues from life cycle perspectives in China. The methodologies employed to achieve this objective are environmental life cycle assessment (E-LCA), life cycle cost (LCC), and social life cycle assessment (S-LCA). Five scenarios are developed based on the conversion technologies and final bioenergy products. The system boundaries include crop residue collection, transportation, pre-treatment, and conversion process. The replaced amounts of energy are also taken into account in the E-LCA analysis. The functional unit is defined as 1 MJ of energy produced. Eight impact categories are considered besides climate change in E-LCA. The investment capital cost and salary cost are collected and compared in the life cycle of the scenarios. Three stakeholders and several subcategories are considered in the S-LCA analysis defined by UNEP/SETAS guidelines. The results show that the energy utilization of crop residue has carbon emission factors of 0.09–0.18 kg (CO eq per 1 MJ), and presents a net carbon emissions reduction of 0.03–0.15 kg (CO eq per 1 MJ) compared with the convectional electricity or petrol, but the other impacts should be paid attention to in the biomass energy scenarios. The energy utilization of crop residues can bring economic benefit to local communities and the society, but the working conditions of local workers need to be improved in future biomass energy development.

关键词: crop residue     life cycle assessment     life cycle cost     social life cycle assessment     energy production    

An assessment of China-Japan-Korea Free Trade Agreement’s economic and environmental impacts on China

Zhaoyang LIU, Xianqiang MAO, Wei TANG, Tao HU, Peng SONG

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2012年 第6卷 第6期   页码 849-859 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0432-9

摘要: Recently, China, Japan, and the Republic of Korea (Korea) are conducting a government-commissioned feasibility study on the Free Trade Agreement among the three countries (CJKFTA) to form a regional free trade zone in East Asia. Considering that freer trade can cause unexpected impact on domestic environment, there is a need to evaluate the environmental impact of such a trade policy. This move should be made to help negotiators understand and pay more attention to environmental issues during CJKFTA negotiations, and to help lobby with the government to carry out appropriate policy instruments for adaptation or mitigation. Following the Chain Reaction Assessment Method that integrates and links the elements of trade, production, and environment, the present research aims to quantitatively assess CJKFTA’s possible impact on China’s environment. This is done by estimating the variations of China’s major conventional pollutants and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission in two policy scenarios to represent CJKFTA’s scale and composition effects on China’s environment. Estimating the variations is based on a static Computable General Equilibrium model, working with Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) 7 database and China’s energy-environment statistics. Based on these assessments, CJKFTA is predicted to lead to notable environmental impact, including increased emissions of agricultural total nitrogen, agricultural total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, and GHGs. On the other hand, decreased emissions of industrial SO and dust are also expected to happen. Suitable policies need to be made to combat negative effects and amplify positive ones, while aiming at a more sustainable regional freer trade system.

关键词: Free Trade Agreement     Strategic Environmental Assessment     Chain Reaction Assessment Method     Computable General Equilibrium model     Global Trade Analysis Project    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Life-cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis of the production of wood vinegar from stem: a case

期刊论文

Techno-economic assessment of providing control energy reserves with a biogas plant

Ervin Saracevic, David Woess, Franz Theuretzbacher, Anton Friedl, Angela Miltner

期刊论文

Techno-economic analysis of the adoption of electric vehicles

Donald KENNEDY, Simon P. PHILBIN

期刊论文

Carbon capture for decarbonisation of energy-intensive industries: a comparative review of techno-economic

期刊论文

Techno-economic assessment of pulverized coal boilers and IGCC power plants with CO 2 capture

Y. HUANG, S. REZVANI, D. McILVEEN-WRIGHT, N. HEWITT, J. MONDOL, A. MINCHENER,

期刊论文

Techno-economic evaluation of wind energy in southwest Nigeria

Muyiwa S. ADARAMOLA, Olarenwaju M. OYEWOLA, Olayinka S. OHUNAKIN, Rufus R. DINRIFO

期刊论文

Techno-economic comparison of three technologies for pre-combustion CO

Simon Roussanaly, Monika Vitvarova, Rahul Anantharaman, David Berstad, Brede Hagen, Jana Jakobsen, Vaclav Novotny, Geir Skaugen

期刊论文

Techno-economic characteristics of wastewater treatment plants retrofitted from the conventional activated

期刊论文

Numerical simulation of underground seasonal cold energy storage for a 10 MW solar thermal power plant in north-western China using TRNSYS

Zulkarnain ABBAS, Yong LI, Ruzhu WANG

期刊论文

Techno-economic evaluation of a biogas-based oxidative coupling of methane process for ethylene production

Alberto T. Penteado, Mijin Kim, Hamid R. Godini, Erik Esche, Jens-Uwe Repke

期刊论文

燃料电池商业化带来的技术经济挑战

Junye Wang, Hualin Wang, Yi Fan

期刊论文

Environmental and economic assessment of vegetable oil production using membrane separation and vapor

Weibin Kong, Qi Miao, Peiyong Qin, Jan Baeyens, Tianwei Tan

期刊论文

Life cycle assessment and economic analysis of HFC-134a production from natural gas compared with oil-based

期刊论文

Environmental, social, and economic assessment of energy utilization of crop residue in China

Yueling ZHANG, Junjie LI, Huan LIU, Guangling ZHAO, Yajun TIAN, Kechang XIE

期刊论文

An assessment of China-Japan-Korea Free Trade Agreement’s economic and environmental impacts on China

Zhaoyang LIU, Xianqiang MAO, Wei TANG, Tao HU, Peng SONG

期刊论文